Root Amputation

Root amputation is a specialized dental procedure that involves the removal of one root from a multi-root tooth, followed by the stabilization of the tooth with a crown or filling. This procedure is typically performed on molars located at the back of the mouth, as these large teeth have two or three roots, depending on their position in the upper or lower jaw.

The primary objective of root amputation is to save a diseased or injured tooth from extraction. Dentists generally prefer to retain a healthy natural tooth whenever possible, as alternatives such as dental implants, extensive bridgework, or custom-made tooth replacements can be costly and time-consuming. Root amputation, along with the necessary crown work, is often a more affordable option that can be completed in just a few short dental visits.

When is root amputation necessary?

It’s important to note that root amputation can only be performed on a tooth that is otherwise healthy. If the tooth is diseased, severely fractured, or injured, extraction will be the preferred course of action. Suitable candidates for root amputation have a healthy tooth surface, strong bone support, and healthy underlying gums.

Several conditions may warrant the need for root amputation, including:

• Broken, fractured, or injured teeth and roots.
• Bacterial infection embedded within the root structure.
• Concentrated bone loss in a specific area due to periodontitis.
• Tooth decay localized in a specific area of the tooth.

What does root amputation involve?

Prior to the root amputation procedure, a root canal treatment will typically be performed. The amputation itself requires making a deep incision into the tooth, exposing the blood vessels and nerves within. Consequently, the pulp, along with these vessels and nerves, will be removed before proceeding with the resectioning of the roots. Both the root canal and amputation treatments will be carried out under local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort.

During the root amputation procedure, a small incision is made in the gum to fully expose the roots of the affected tooth. The targeted root is then carefully sectioned off from the rest of the tooth and subsequently removed. To eliminate any remaining bacteria, the entire area is thoroughly cleansed with a saline solution, and sutures (stitches) are applied to close the incision.

Finally, a temporary crown or filling is placed to secure the tooth. Depending on the specific case, painkillers, antibiotics, and a medicated antimicrobial mouthwash may be prescribed. After 7-10 days, the stitches are removed, and the gum will have healed. At this point, arrangements can be made to install the permanent crown or filling, restoring the tooth’s function and appearance.