Prophylaxis (Teeth Cleaning)

A dental prophylaxis is a comprehensive cleaning procedure designed to effectively clean the teeth. It plays a crucial role in preventing the progression of periodontal disease and gingivitis.

Periodontal disease and gingivitis occur when bacterial plaque colonizes on the gum tissue, either above or below the gum line. These bacterial colonies cause inflammation and irritation, leading to a chronic inflammatory response in the body. Consequently, the gum and bone tissues are systematically destroyed, resulting in tooth instability, shifting, or even tooth loss. The deepening gum pockets become a breeding ground for more bacteria, which can enter the bloodstream and potentially infect other parts of the body.

Prophylaxis, or teeth cleaning, offers numerous benefits for maintaining oral health and halting the progression of gum disease:

1. Tartar removal: Tartar (calculus) and plaque buildup, both above and below the gum line, can lead to severe periodontal problems if left untreated. Despite diligent homecare practices, it is challenging to remove debris, bacteria, and deposits from gum pockets without the expertise and specialized dental equipment of a dentist. Prophylaxis enables the identification and treatment of issues such as tartar and plaque buildup.

2. Aesthetics: Stains and discoloration can mar the appearance of a smile. Prophylaxis effectively eliminates unsightly stains, restoring the teeth to their natural beauty.

3. Fresher breath: Persistent bad breath (halitosis) is often associated with periodontal disease. It is caused by decaying food particles below the gum line, potential gum infections, and periodontal problems. By removing plaque, calculus, and bacteria, prophylaxis significantly improves breath and alleviates irritation.

4. Identification of health issues: Regular dental visits for prophylaxis allow for a thorough examination of the entire oral cavity, enabling the dentist to screen for oral cancer, evaluate the risk of periodontitis, and identify signs of underlying medical conditions like diabetes and kidney problems. Recommendations for modifying the home care regimen can also be provided.

The process of prophylaxis typically involves the following stages:

1. Supragingival cleaning: The dentist uses scaling tools to thoroughly clean the area above the gum line, removing plaque and calculus.

2. Subgingival cleaning: This crucial step focuses on patients with periodontal disease. The dentist removes calculus from the gum pockets and beneath the gum line.

3. Root planing: The dentist smoothes the tooth root to eliminate any remaining bacteria, which pose a significant risk to individuals with periodontitis. Removing these bacteria is a top priority for the dentist.

4. Medication: Following scaling and root planing, an antibiotic or antimicrobial cream may be placed in the gum pockets to promote fast and healthy healing while reducing discomfort.

5. X-rays and examination: Routine X-rays provide valuable insights into the extent of bone and gum recession associated with periodontal disease. They help the dentist identify areas that may require future attention.

Prophylaxis is generally recommended twice annually as a preventative measure. However, for individuals with periodontitis, more frequent treatments every 3-4 months are necessary. While gum disease cannot be fully reversed, prophylaxis is an effective tool for halting its destructive progression and maintaining oral health.