Endodontics

Endodontics is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on the intricate structures inside the teeth. The term “Endodontics” comes from the Greek words meaning “inside the tooth,” and it involves the study of tooth pulp, tissues, nerves, and arterioles. Endodontists undergo additional training after dental school to perform both simple and complex procedures, with root canal therapy being one of their key treatments.

In the past, a tooth with a diseased nerve would typically be extracted, but advancements in endodontics now allow for the preservation of natural teeth in most cases. This is achieved by removing the infected or damaged inner tooth structures and sealing the resulting space with a crown, which restores the health and functionality of the affected tooth.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of endodontic problems is important:

• Inflammation and tenderness in the gums.
• Tooth sensitivity to hot and cold foods.
• Discomfort when biting or chewing.
• Tooth discoloration.
• Unexplained pain in nearby lymph nodes.
• Endodontic treatment, also known as root canal therapy, is performed to save the natural tooth. Despite the availability of advanced dental restorations, most dentists agree that preserving healthy, natural teeth is unmatched.

Several factors can lead to inner tooth damage:

Bacterial infections: Oral bacteria are the most common cause of endodontic problems. Bacteria can penetrate the tooth pulp through small openings caused by tooth decay or injury, leading to inflammation, infection, and potentially an abscess.

Fractures and chips: When a significant portion of the tooth’s surface or crown becomes detached, root canal therapy may be necessary. The removal of the crown exposes the pulp, resulting in severe pain and complications.

Injuries: Direct or indirect blows to the mouth can cause tooth injuries, including dislodgment or luxation. After stabilizing the injured tooth, root canal therapy is often required.

Tooth avulsion: If a tooth is completely knocked out of its socket, it is crucial to act quickly. Rinsing the tooth and placing it back in the socket or in a suitable storage solution helps preserve the tooth’s vitality until emergency dental treatment can be provided. A splint is applied to reposition the tooth, followed by root canal therapy to save it.

What does an endodontic procedure involve?

Root canal therapy typically takes one to three visits to complete. Before starting the treatment, comprehensive X-rays of the teeth are taken and evaluated.

The procedure begins with the administration of a local anesthetic, followed by the placement of a dental dam to isolate the surgical area and keep it dry. An opening is made in the tooth’s surface, and the infected or damaged pulp is carefully removed using specialized instruments.

Once the space is cleaned and shaped, it is filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha, which seals the root canals. A temporary filling may be placed to restore functionality before the final restoration. In the last visit, a permanent restoration or crown is placed to protect the tooth and restore its natural appearance.

Endodontic treatment is a vital and effective way to save teeth that would otherwise be lost. If you experience any signs or symptoms of endodontic problems, seeking prompt dental care is essential to preserve your oral health and well-being.

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