What is a Malocclusion?

A malocclusion refers to the incorrect alignment between the upper arch (maxilla) and the lower arch (mandible), or a general misalignment of the teeth. It is a common condition that affects most individuals to some degree, often resulting from a combination of genetic factors, poor oral habits, or other influences during early development.

When a malocclusion is moderate or severe, treatment by an orthodontist is often necessary. Orthodontists are dental specialists who focus on correcting malocclusions and other facial irregularities.

Malocclusions can be classified into three main categories:

1. Class I: The occlusion is typical, but there may be spacing or overcrowding issues with other teeth.

2. Class II: This malocclusion is characterized by an overbite, where the upper teeth are positioned further forward than the lower teeth. It can be caused by protrusion of anterior teeth or overlapping of the central teeth by the lateral teeth.

3. Class III: Known as prognathism or an underbite, this malocclusion occurs when the lower teeth are positioned further forward than the upper teeth. It often happens when the jawbone is large or the maxillary bone is short.

Treating a malocclusion is important for several reasons:

1. Reduced risk of tooth decay: Malocclusions can lead to uneven wear patterns on the teeth, increasing the risk of tooth erosion and decay.

2. Better oral hygiene: Overcrowding, a common issue with malocclusions, makes it challenging to effectively clean the teeth and gums. Straight, properly aligned teeth are easier to clean and maintain good oral hygiene.

3. Reduced risk of TMJ: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, often associated with malocclusions, causes headaches, facial pain, and teeth grinding during sleep. Realigning the teeth helps alleviate pressure on the temporomandibular joint and reduces these symptoms.

Dental braces are commonly used to treat malocclusions. After conducting thorough examinations, including panoramic x-rays and bite impressions, the orthodontist determines the most suitable treatment approach. In cases of overcrowding, extraction may be necessary to create sufficient space for realignment. For underbites, overbites, and crossbites, various orthodontic appliances are available, including:

• Fixed multibracket braces: These braces consist of brackets cemented to each tooth, connected by an archwire that the orthodontist adjusts regularly to guide the teeth into proper alignment.
• Removable devices: Retainers, headgear, and palate expanders are common non-fixed braces used to treat malocclusions. Retainers hold the teeth in the correct position while the jawbone grows around them.
• Invisalign®: These removable, nearly invisible dental aligners work similarly to traditional braces but have minimal impact on the smile’s aesthetics. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for Invisalign®.

By understanding the nature of malocclusions and seeking appropriate orthodontic treatment, individuals can achieve improved dental health, enhanced oral hygiene, and a well-aligned, confident smile.