Diagnosis

Periodontal disease is diagnosed by a dentist or dental hygienist during a periodontal examination, which is typically part of a regular dental check-up. During this examination, a periodontal probe is used to measure the depth of the sulcus (pocket or space) between the tooth and the gums.

In a healthy mouth, the sulcus measures three millimeters or less and does not bleed. However, if the pockets are deeper than three millimeters and bleeding is present, it may indicate the presence of periodontal disease. The depth of the pockets can help determine the stage and severity of the disease.

Based on the findings during the periodontal examination, a diagnosis will be made, which can fall into the following categories:

1. Gingivitis: This is the early stage of periodontal disease characterized by inflammation of the gums. Plaque and its by-products irritate the gums, causing tenderness, inflammation, and bleeding.

2. Periodontitis: As plaque hardens into calculus (tartar), the gums start to recede from the teeth, forming deeper pockets. Bacteria and pus accumulate in these pockets, leading to further gum irritation, inflammation, and bleeding. There may be slight to moderate bone loss at this stage.

3. Advanced Periodontitis: In this stage, there is significant loss of gum, bone, and periodontal ligament support. The teeth become loose and may eventually be lost if left untreated. Generalized moderate to severe bone loss may be present.

The diagnosis is based on various factors including pocket depths, bleeding, inflammation, tooth mobility, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Once the diagnosis is made, an appropriate treatment plan can be developed to manage and treat the periodontal disease.

It’s important to note that regular dental check-ups and early detection are crucial in preventing and managing periodontal disease. Good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, along with professional dental cleanings, can help prevent and control gum disease.