Periodontal Scaling & Root Planing

The primary goal of scaling and root planing is to eliminate the causes of inflammation in the gum tissue and surrounding bone. These causes, typically dental plaque and tartar (calculus), are effectively removed through this conventional periodontal therapy.

Scaling and root planing are non-surgical procedures that provide comprehensive cleansing of the periodontium. They are highly effective in treating individuals with mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) and moderate to severe periodontal disease.

There are various reasons why scaling and root planing may be necessary, both as a preventive measure and as a standalone treatment:

Disease prevention: The oral bacteria responsible for periodontal infections can travel through the bloodstream and potentially affect other parts of the body. Research has linked periodontal bacteria to lung infections and heart disease. Scaling and root planing remove bacteria and halt the progression of periodontal disease, reducing the risk of bacteria spreading to other areas.

Tooth protection: When gum pockets exceed a depth of 3mm, the risk of periodontal disease increases. Deeper pockets tend to harbor more harmful bacteria colonies. Over time, the body’s chronic inflammatory response can destroy gingival and bone tissue, leading to tooth loss. Periodontal disease is the primary cause of tooth loss in developed countries.

Aesthetic effects: Scaling and root planing remove tartar and plaque from the teeth and below the gumline. Additionally, superficial stains on the teeth can be eliminated during the procedure, enhancing the overall appearance of the smile.

Improved breath: Halitosis (bad breath) is a common symptom of periodontal disease. Food particles and bacteria contribute to persistent oral odor, which can be alleviated through deep cleaning procedures like scaling and root planing.

Scaling and root planing treatments are performed following a thorough examination of the mouth, including X-rays and visual assessments. Local anesthetic may be used depending on the condition of the gums, the presence of calculus, pocket depth, and the extent of periodontitis.

The procedures involved in scaling and root planing are as follows:

Scaling: This procedure employs special dental instruments, including ultrasonic scaling tools. It effectively removes calculus and plaque from the crown and root surfaces of the teeth. In some cases, an irrigation process may be used alongside the scaling tool to deliver an antimicrobial agent below the gums, further reducing oral bacteria.

Root Planing: This treatment specifically targets the removal of cementum and surface dentin embedded with unwanted microorganisms, toxins, and tartar. By smoothing the root surfaces, good healing is promoted, and the risk of future bacterial colonization is minimized.

Following deep cleaning, antibiotic treatment may be applied to the gum pockets to soothe irritation and promote rapid healing.

During the subsequent appointment, the dentist or hygienist will thoroughly examine the gums to evaluate the healing of the pockets. If the gum pockets still measure over 3mm in depth, additional and more intensive treatments may be recommended to achieve optimal oral health.