Pocket Reduction Surgery

Pocket reduction surgery, also referred to as gingivectomy, osseous surgery, or flap surgery, encompasses a range of surgical procedures that aim to gain access to the tooth roots, remove bacteria, and eliminate tartar (calculus).

The human mouth harbors numerous types of bacteria at any given time. Among these, the bacteria found in dental plaque produce acids that lead to demineralization of the tooth surface, contributing to the development of periodontal disease.

Periodontal infections trigger a chronic inflammatory response in the body, resulting in the destruction of bone and gum tissues when they invade the subgingival area (below the gum line). As a consequence, gum pockets form and deepen between the gums and teeth as the tissues continue to deteriorate.

If left untreated, periodontal disease is a progressive condition that can lead to extensive bacterial colonization within the gum pockets, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. Pocket reduction surgery is a procedure aimed at breaking this destructive cycle by reducing the depth of the bacteria-harboring pockets and restoring oral health.

There are several reasons why pocket reduction surgery may be recommended:

1. Reducing bacterial spread: Oral bacteria have been linked to various systemic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. By reducing bacteria in the mouth, the risk of secondary infections and associated health complications can be mitigated.

2. Halting bone loss: The chronic inflammatory response caused by oral bacteria leads to the destruction of bone tissue. As the jawbone becomes compromised by periodontal disease, the teeth lose their firm anchorage, potentially necessitating tooth extraction.

3. Facilitating home care: Deeper gum pockets become increasingly challenging for patients to clean effectively using regular toothbrushes and dental floss. Inadequate oral hygiene in deep pockets heightens the risk of further periodontal infections.

4. Enhancing the smile: Periodontal disease affects the aesthetics of the smile, with symptoms such as discolored gums, deteriorating teeth, and ridge indentations. Pocket reduction surgery halts the progression of gum disease and improves the overall appearance of the smile.

The process of pocket reduction surgery involves several steps. Before the procedure, the dentist will conduct comprehensive visual and X-ray examinations to assess the condition of the teeth, gums, and underlying bone. Local or general anesthesia may be administered based on the patient’s preference.

During the surgery, the gums are gently pulled back from the teeth to access the affected areas. Bacteria and calculus (tartar) are meticulously removed, often requiring scaling and root planing to thoroughly clean the tooth roots. If necessary, planing procedures are performed to ensure a smooth surface for optimal healing.

To eliminate any remaining bacteria and promote healing, an antimicrobial liquid is typically applied. The gums are then sutured with small stitches, which remain in place for 5-10 days.

While there may be increased sensitivity in the gums immediately after the procedure, pocket reduction surgery results in a significant reduction in pocket depth and a notable improvement in the condition of the teeth and gums. Regular follow-up care and maintenance are crucial to sustain the positive outcomes of the surgery.